YUM安装调试以及命令详解-白红宇

YUM安装调试以及命令详解

阅读量：2425 次

发布时间：2019-05-10

本文共 5749 字，大约阅读时间需要 19 分钟。

背景，需要安装cacti，google了很多安装资料，需要先yum安装一些准备lib包，比如snmp以及openssl等等。

[root@mysqlvm2 ~]# yum install net-snmp-devel

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Install Process

No package net-snmp-devel available.

Nothing to do

看到yum不识别，所以需要先在linux服务器上面安装yum软件包。

1 下载yum安装包

下载地址：wget

[root@mysqlvm2 ~]# wget http://yum.baseurl.org/download/3.4/yum-3.4.3.tar.gz

--2014-05-15 20:56:34-- http://yum.baseurl.org/download/3.4/yum-3.4.3.tar.gz

正在解析主机 yum.baseurl.org... 140.211.167.207

Connecting to yum.baseurl.org|140.211.167.207|:80... 已连接。

已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK

长度：1140370 (1.1M) [application/x-gzip]

Saving to: `yum-3.4.3.tar.gz\

2 解压缩安装

tar -xvf yum-3.4.3.tar.gz

cd yum-3.4.3

yum main.py install yum

[root@mysqlvm2 yum-3.4.3]# yum main.py install yum

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

红帽中出现This system is not registered with RHN这个的原因是因为红帽中没有注册RHN。解决办法：（假定你已安装yum，且网络畅通）更改yum的源，即更换/etc/yum.repos.d /rhel-debuginfo.repo 这个文件。进入/etc/yum.repos.d/目录，终端中输入wget http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/CentOS-Base.repo即可在此目录下得到CentOS- Base.repo文件，这是centos的源文件，只需将其重命名为rhel-debuginfo.repo即可，以前的文件做个备份。

wget

cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-debuginfo.repo rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo rhel-debuginfo.repo

mv：是否覆盖“rhel-debuginfo.repo”? y

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

[root@mysqlvm2 yum-3.4.3]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

addons | 1.9 kB 00:00

addons/filelists_db | 570 B 00:00

addons/other_db | 554 B 00:00

addons/primary_db

[root@mysqlvm2 yum-3.4.3]# yum install httpd

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Install Process

Package httpd-2.2.3-85.el5.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

3，最后更新系统，全部搞定，收工。^_^

yum check-update

yum update # 慎重执行，也许会影响现有的应用的运行。

yum clean all #清除YUM缓存，yum 会把下载的软件包和header存储在cache中，而不会自动删除。如果我们觉得它们占用了磁盘空间，可以使用yum clean指令进行清除，更精确的用法是yum clean headers清除header，yum clean packages清除下载的rpm包，yum clean all一股脑儿端

4，另外的一些报错：

[root@squid-2 yum-3.4.3]# yum -y install ping

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=x86_64&repo=os error was

14: PYCURL ERROR 6 - \"Couldn\'t resolve host \'mirrorlist.centos.org\'\"

Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base

Check，报错：

[root@squid-2 yum-3.4.3]# nslookup mirrorlist.centos.org

;; connection timed out; trying next origin

;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached

[root@squid-2 yum-3.4.3]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

[root@squid-2 yum-3.4.3]#

Resolv.conf里面为空记录，没有数据。

看来需要重新定向一下dns了，

[root@squid-2 yum-3.4.3]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

[root@squid-2 yum-3.4.3]#

验证，OK

[root@squid-2 yum-3.4.3]# nslookup mirrorlist.centos.org

Server: 219.141.136.10

Address: 219.141.136.10#53

Non-authoritative answer:

Name: mirrorlist.centos.org

Address: 64.235.47.134

Name: mirrorlist.centos.org

Address: 204.15.73.243

Name: mirrorlist.centos.org

Address: 72.232.223.58

5 GPG key retrieval failed:错误

yum install expect报错如下：

……

Total 540 kB/s | 2.9 MB 00:05

warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897

GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 4] IOError: <urlopen error (-2, \'\\xe6\\x9c\\xaa\\xe7\\x9f\\xa5\\xe7\\x9a\\x84\\xe5\\x90\\x8d\\xe7\\xa7\\xb0\\xe6\\x88\\x96\\xe6\\x9c\\x8d\\xe5\\x8a\\xa1\')>